CANBERRA, Australia – Australia has passed one of the world’s most stringent social media regulations, banning children under the age of 16 from accessing platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, Snapchat, and X (formerly Twitter).
The legislation, approved by the Senate on Thursday, November 28, 2024, aims to address growing concerns over the impact of excessive social media use on young people’s mental and physical health.
The ban, supported by a broad coalition of lawmakers, has sparked debate across the country.
Advocates argue it is a necessary step to mitigate harm, including online bullying and the promotion of negative body image, while critics warn of unintended consequences and potential infringements on privacy.
“This measure reflects the belief among Australians that social media often does more harm than good for young people,” said Rob Nicholls, a senior research associate at the University of Sydney.
A recent YouGov poll found that 77% of Australians support the ban, a significant increase from 61% in August.
Legislative Scope and Enforcement
The new law places the burden of compliance on social media companies, requiring them to implement robust age-verification systems by 2025.
Platforms failing to enforce the rules could face penalties of up to AUD 50 million (USD 33 million).
The bill excludes platforms like YouTube but maintains strict oversight of mainstream social media giants.
To enforce the age limit, the government plans to trial innovative methods, including biometrics and government-issued identification, a move that has raised privacy concerns.
Critics argue that such measures could set a concerning precedent for digital surveillance.
“This legislation represents a global first in its ambition to verify age using personal data,” said Nicholls, noting that companies will also face penalties if they fail to destroy this information promptly after verification.
Criticism and Backlash
The bill’s rushed passage has drawn criticism from academics, parents, and youth advocates.
Opponents highlight its potential to exacerbate feelings of isolation among teenagers who rely on social media for connection and support.
“Social media provides vital connections for many young Australians, allowing them access to mental health resources and peer support,” said Christopher Stone, executive director of Suicide Prevention Australia.
“Cutting off this access risks worsening loneliness and isolation.”
Sen. Matt Canavan echoed these concerns, criticising the limited consultation period during which over 15,000 public submissions were made but scarcely reviewed.
“This is a highly emotional issue that demands thoughtful, not hasty, solutions,” he said.
Teen journalist Leo Puglisi, founder of 6 News Australia, noted the lack of youth input in crafting the law.
“This is a government that didn’t grow up in the social media age but is making decisions about it,” he said.
“This ban affects not just young Australians but the broader community.”
Broader Implications
Experts have raised doubts about the efficacy of the ban in addressing online harm. Daniel Angus, a professor of digital communication at Queensland University of Technology, argued that the legislation overlooks critical nuances.
“The harms cited by the government are not supported by sufficient high-quality research,” he said.
The exclusion of anonymous platforms like 4chan, where harmful content is rampant, has also sparked concerns.
“This leaves young people vulnerable to some of the most dangerous corners of the internet,” Angus added.
Grassroots groups like the Heads Up Alliance have given the legislation low marks, criticising its failure to address bullying and addiction on messaging apps and gaming platforms.
“Our children will simply migrate to other platforms, potentially exposing them to even greater risks,” the organisation said in a statement.
Moving Forward
Prime Minister Anthony Albanese’s government has pledged to work with social media companies and civil society groups to refine enforcement mechanisms and ensure access to essential online resources.
However, the lack of a comprehensive plan has left many sceptical.
“This is a critical moment for Australia and the global conversation on regulating digital spaces,” said Nicholls.
“The balance between safeguarding children and preserving fundamental rights remains a delicate challenge.”
As implementation looms, the world watches to see whether Australia’s bold move sets a precedent or a cautionary tale in the realm of social media governance.
